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The studies carried out on literary competence identify it only with artistic literature, they consider that the reader is able to discover the aesthetic, artistic and then demonstrate their knowledge with emphasis on the perception and critical production of this type of text. To achieve this competence, this research offers a group of didactic recommendations that constitute procedures to be taken into account in the process of training skills for coding and decoding of texts, taking into account a broader conceptualization, which encompasses the know how to read and understand all textual typologies. The study allows a procedure that allows teachers to be better prepared to direct the teaching-learning process of reading and understanding of textual typologies. It has been investigated with the use of Historical-Logical, Analytical-Synthetic and Inductive-deductive methods with the methodological guidelines that emanate from the research, the aim is to influence the formation of students' literary competence, forming an intelligent and critical reader of the texts they consult. Furthermore, due to research needs, the concept of literary competence is reconceptualized.