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Despite having been described for the first time more than two decades ago, chronic kidney disease of unknown etiology’s specific cause is still undetermined. A multifactorial etiology is proposed, and it includes occupational heat stress, dehydration, and exposure to pesticides and agrochemicals. In contrast to chronic kidney disease, this disorder is not associated with hypertension, diabetes, or glomerulonephritis, and presents with mild or no proteinuria. For its diagnosis, defined criteria are used to classify patients as suspects and start follow-up. The disease is confirmed through renal biopsy showing early stage injury without other causes. Currently, there is no specific treatment, and only preventive measures have shown a favorable prognosis. In this review, we aim to summarize the available information on chronic kidney of unknown etiology.
